In recent years, supply chains have moved from the background of business operations to the forefront of strategic decision-making. Once viewed primarily as cost centers to be optimized, they are now recognized as complex, dynamic systems that can determine an organization’s resilience—or its...

Achieving manufacturing excellence requires continuous improvement in operational efficiency, quality, and process performance. Although Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is widely recognized for process optimization, its application in complex manufacturing environments remains constrained by the lack of...