Greenery as a Cross-Gender Buffer of Parental Stress in Arab Families: A Multidimensional Ecological, Psychophysiological Analysis

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Article Type: Research Article
Issue: Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025)
Published: 25 November 2025
Pages: 50-62

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Saadi, D. (2025). Greenery as a Cross-Gender Buffer of Parental Stress in Arab Families: A Multidimensional Ecological, Psychophysiological Analysis. Urban-Regional Ecology, 1(1), 50-62. https://doi.org/10.65773/ure.1.1.67

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Authors

Diana Saadi *
Porter School of the Environmental and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Abstract

Background:Parental stress results from interacting psychological, physiological, emotional, environmental, and sociocultural factors. Although exposure to natural environments is increasingly recognized as a stress-buffering mechanism, little is known about whether these effects differ between mothers and fathers, particularly within minority populations such as Arab families in Israel.Methods:This study examined gender-specific predictors of parental stress among 250 Arab parents (125 mothers, 125 fathers) in northern Israel. A multidimensional ecological–psychophysiological model integrated psychological (Parental Stress Scale; PSS), physiological (heart rate variability; HRV), emotional (Negative Affect; PANAS-NA), and environmental (NDVI) indicators. Residential greenness was measured using Landsat-derived NDVI within a 500 m buffer around each home. Regression models were estimated separately for mothers and fathers.Results:Mothers displayed significantly higher psychological stress (PSS) and physiological stress (HRV) compared with fathers. NDVI emerged as the strongest cross-gender protective factor, with substantial negative associations with PSS in mothers (β = –0.82) and fathers (β = –0.88). Family structure operated differently by gender: number of children predicted stress among fathers only (β = +0.31), while household size predicted stress among mothers only (β = +0.27). Negative affect significantly increased stress in both genders, and income showed modest protective effects.Conclusions:Greenness functions as a powerful ecological buffer of parental stress for both genders, while sociocultural family roles create gendered stress pathways. This study is among the first to integrate psychological, physiological, emotional, and environmental indicators in a Middle Eastern minority context.Significance:Findings highlight environmental-health inequities and underscore the importance of incorporating green infrastructure into planning for minority communities. 

Keywords:
parental stress, Arab families, greenness, NDVI, HRV, PANAS, gender differences, ecological stress model

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