The fee formulation has been carefully calculated with a focus on international publishing ethics standards (COPE/DOAJ) and development economics principles, including cost accounting, exemption rules, and transparency mechanisms. This fee will cover but not limited to the following expenses.

Tiered APC Policy Framework

This journal implements an equitable article processing charge (APC) structure aligned with global open access ethics.

Service Component	Cost	Details
Basic Company Expenses	$60 (30%)	Office space, personnel costs, tax payments, etc
Production Services	$50 (25%)	Professional typesetting (XML/JATS) + figure optimization + multi-format publishing
Dissemination & Archiving	$40 (20%)	CrossRef DOI registration + Libary/Portico archiving + social media promotion
Platform Operations	$30 (15%)	Server security + anti-plagiarism system (iThenticate license)
Global Equity Fund	$20 (10%)	1. Reward scholars who have made significant contributions to the journal 2. Supporting the development of scientific endeavors (providing financial support to scientists or organizations)
Total APC	$200

Equity Provisions: Three-Tier Waiver System

1. Full Waiver Countries

• Criteria: UN-designated 44 Least Developed Countries (2024 List)

• Benefits: ✓ 100% APC waiver

2. Discounted Economies

• Criteria: World Bank lower-middle-income economies (GNI per capita ≤$4,515) e.g., India, Indonesia

• Discount Structure: Base discount: 75% ($150 payable)

3. Standard Rate Countries

• Criteria: High-income economies (GNI per capita >$13,845) e.g., USA, Japan

• APC: $200

• Maximum discount: 10% ($180 final payment)

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We will not charge any additional fees except for APC.We commit to charging only the minimum possible APC necessary to ensure the sustainable operation of the publisher, with the aim of reducing the financial burden on researchers, and to reinvest a portion of the profits back into the scientific community and the scientists who dedicate themselves to advancing science.